{"id":3152,"date":"2026-06-09T17:01:02","date_gmt":"2026-06-09T17:01:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arthos-international.com\/?page_id=3152"},"modified":"2026-06-09T17:01:03","modified_gmt":"2026-06-09T17:01:03","slug":"references","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/arthos-international.com\/ar\/references\/","title":{"rendered":"References"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-ac5db06a24eb7006e788b5de9a7406a3\"><strong>References<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-74bbe78db5a9de590fd7655174de80d0\"><strong>Efficacy, safety of Arthrosamid<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\" dir=\"ltr\"><strong>1<\/strong>\u00a0Henriksen, M., et al. (2018). Intra-articular 2.5% polyacrylamide hydrogel for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: an observational proof-of-concept cohort study. Clin Exp Rheumatol. Vol 36(6):1082-85. Epub 2018 Jul 18. PMID: 30148430.<br><strong>2<\/strong>\u00a0Overgaard, A., et al. (2019). Safety of intra-articular polyacrylamide hydrogel for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis symptoms: A retrospective case series. Clin Ortho Adv Res. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. Vol 30(1): S370-71. DOI:10.1016\/j.joca.2022.02.497.<br>3 Bliddal, H.,\u202fet al. (2021)\u202fPolyacrylamide Hydrogel Injection for Knee Osteoarthritis: A 6 Months Prospective Study.\u202fJ Orthop Res Ther. Vol 6 (2). 1188. ISSN 2575-8241.<br><strong>4<\/strong>\u00a0Arthrosamid\u00ae, Instructions For Use. Release Date March 2022. 10082-003.<br><strong>5<\/strong>\u00a0Bliddal, H., et al. (2022). A Prospective Study of Polyacrylamide Hydrogel Injection for Knee Osteoarthritis: Results From 2 Years After Treatment. Poster presented at OARSI 2022. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. Vol 30(1): S371-S372. DOI:10.1016\/j.joca.2022.02.499.<br><strong>6<\/strong>\u00a0Bliddal, H., et al. (2022). One-year performance of polyacrylamide hydrogel vs. hyaluronic acid in age, BMI, and Kellgren-Lawrence subgroups: A subgroup analysis of a randomised study. Poster presented at OARSI 2022. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. Vol 30(1): S373-74. DOI:10.1016\/j.joca.2022.02.502.<br><strong>7<\/strong>\u00a0Bliddal, H., et al. (2023) A Prospective Study of Polyacrylamide Hydrogel Injection for Knee Osteoarthritis: Results From 3 Years After Treatment. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. Vol 31(5): 682-683.<br><strong>8<\/strong>\u00a0Arthrosamid\u00ae, Instructions For Use. Release Date September 2024. 10124-001.<br><strong>9<\/strong>\u00a0Bliddal, H., et al. (2024). Effectiveness and safety of polyacrylamide hydrogel injection for knee osteoarthritis: results from a 12-month follow up of an open-label study. J Orthop Surg Res. Vol 19: 274.<br><strong>10<\/strong>\u00a0Bliddal, H., et al. (2024). Polyacrylamide gel versus hyaluronic acid for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a randomised controlled study. Clin Exp Rheumatol. Vol 42(9):1729-1735.<br><strong>11<\/strong>\u00a0Bliddal, H., et al. (2024) 3 year follow-up from a randomized controlled trial of intra-articular polyacrylamide hydrogel injection in subjects with knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. Vol 32 (6): 770-771.<br><strong>12<\/strong>\u00a0Bliddal, H., et al. (2024) Polyacrylamide hydrogel for knee osteoarthritis: Four-year results from a prospective study. Orthop Procs. 2024;106-B(SUPP_18):106.<br><strong>13<\/strong>\u00a0Ellegaard., et al. (2024) Inflammatory markers in the knee in patients with osteoarthritis assessed with ultrasound: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial of Arthrosamid vs. Synvisc-One. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. Vol 32 (2024) 745\u2013836.<br><strong>14<\/strong>\u00a0Bliddal, H., et al. (2025) 5 year follow-up from a randomized controlled trial of intra-articular polyacrylamide hydrogel injection in subjects with knee osteoarthritis. Presented as a podium presentation at the EKS 2025, Copenhagen in September.<br><strong>15<\/strong>\u00a0Bliddal, H., et al. (2025) A Prospective Study of Polyacrylamide Hydrogel Injection for Knee Osteoarthritis: Results From 5 Years After Treatment. Presented at WCO-IOF-ESCEO 2025.<br><strong>16<\/strong>\u00a0Bliddal, H., et al. (2025) 10-Year Follow-Up After Intra-Articular Injections of 2.5% Polyacrylamide Hydrogel for Knee Osteoarthritis. Presented at WCO-IOF-ESCEO 2025.<br><strong>17<\/strong>\u00a0Bliddal, H., et al. Presented at the ISIAT 2025 conference in September.<br><strong>18<\/strong>\u00a0Arthrosamid, Instructions For Use. Release Date October 2025. 10117-001.<br>Mechanisms of Action<br><strong>19<\/strong>\u00a0Tnibar, A., Persson, A., Jensen, H.E., Svalastoga, E., Westrup, U., McEvoy, F. et al. (2014) Evaluation of a polyacrylamide hydrogel in the treatment of induced osteoarthritis in a goat model: a pilot randomized controlled study [abstract]. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 22, 477.<br><strong>20<\/strong>\u00a0Christensen L, Camitz L, Illigen KE, Hansen M, Sarvaa R, Conaghan PG (2016).<br>Synovial incorporation of polyacrylamide hydrogel after injection into normal and osteoarthritic animal joints. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. Vol 24(11):1999-2002.<br>DOI:10.1016\/j.joca.2016.07.007.<br><strong>21<\/strong>\u00a0Tnibar A, Persson A, Jensen HA. (2017) Mechanisms of action of an intraarticular 2.5% polyacrylamide hydrogel (Arthramid Vet) in a goat model of osteoarthritis: preliminary<br><strong>22<\/strong>\u00a0Tnibar A. (2022) Intra-articular 2.5% polyacrylamide hydrogel, a new concept in the medication of equine osteoarthritis: a review. J Equine Vet Sci. 119:1014143.<br><strong>23<\/strong>\u00a0Tnibar A. (2025) Review of intra-articular 2.5% polyacrylamide hydrogel, a new concept in the management of osteoarthritis. Equine Vet Educ. 37:161-168.<br><strong>24<\/strong>\u00a0Wimmer, M.A. and Abu Alia M. (2025) Shear stiffness of equine synovial membrane in osteoarthritis and response to 2.5% Injectable polyacrylamide hydrogel treatment. 18th ICRS World Congress, Boston, 11-14 October. Osteoarthritis &amp; Synovitis<br><strong>25<\/strong>\u00a0Neogi, T. (2013) The epidemiology and impact of pain in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. Vol 21 (9): 1145-53. DOI:10.1016\/j.joca.2013.03.018.<br><strong>26<\/strong>\u00a0Thomson, A., et al. (2021). Synovial Macrophages in Osteoarthritis: The Key to Understanding Pathogenesis? Front. Immunol. Vol 12 :678757. DOI:10.3389\/fimmu.2021.678757.<br><strong>27<\/strong>\u00a0Torres, L., et al. (2006). The relationship between specific tissue lesions and pain severity in persons with knee osteoarthritis.\u201d Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. Vol 14(10): 1033-40. DOI: 10.1016\/j.joca.2006.03.015.<br><strong>28<\/strong>\u00a0Sofat, N., et al. (2011). What makes osteoarthritis painful? The evidence for local and central pain processing. Rheumatology (Oxford, England). Vol 50(12):2157-65. DOI:10.1093\/rheumatology\/ker283.<br><strong>29<\/strong>\u00a0Atukorala, I., et al. (2016). Synovitis in knee osteoarthritis: a precursor of disease? Annals of rheumatic diseases. Vol 75(2):390-5. DOI:10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-205894.<br><strong>30<\/strong>\u00a0Mathiessen, A., et al. (2017). Synovitis in osteoarthritis: current understanding with therapeutic implications. Arthritis research &amp; therapy. Vol 19(1):18. DOI:10.1186\/s13075-017-1229-9.<br><strong>31<\/strong>\u00a0Wenham, C., et al. (2010). The role of synovitis in osteoarthritis. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. Vol 2(6):349-59. DOI:10.1177\/1759720X10378373.<br><strong>33<\/strong>\u00a0Han, D., et al. (2020) The emerging role of fibroblast-like synoviocytes-mediated synovitis in osteoarthritis: An update. J Cell Mol Med. Vol 24:9518-32. DOI:10.1111\/jcmm.15669.<br><strong>34<\/strong>\u00a0Negredo, E., et al. (2015). Ten Year Safety with Polyacrylamide Gel Used to Correct Facial Lipoatrophy in HIV-Infected Patients. Aids Res Hum Retroviruses. Vol 31(8).<br><strong>35<\/strong>\u00a0Oo, WM., et al. (2021). The Development of Disease-Modifying Therapies for Osteoarthritis (DMOADs): The Evidence to Date. Drug Des Devel Ther. Vol 15: 2921-45. DOI:10.2147\/DDDT.S295224.<br><strong>36<\/strong>\u00a0Uivaraseanu B, et al. (2022) Therapeutic approaches in the management of knee osteoarthritis (Review). Exp Ther Med. Vol 23(5):328. DOI: 10.3892\/etm.2022.11257.<br><strong>37<\/strong>\u00a0Gr\u00e4ssel, S., et al. (2020). Recent advances in the treatment of osteoarthritis. F1000Res. Vol 9:F1000 Faculty Rev-325. DOI: 10.12688\/f1000research.22115.1.<br><strong>38<\/strong>\u00a0Hunter, DJ., et al. (2019). Osteoarthritis. Lancet. Vol393 (10182):1745-175.<br><strong>39<\/strong>\u00a0Cui, A., et al. (2020). Global, regional prevalence, incidence and risk factors of knee osteoarthritis in population-based studies. EClinicalMedicine. Vol 26: 29-30:100587.<br><strong>40<\/strong>\u00a0Primorac, D., et al. (2021) Comprehensive Review of Knee Osteoarthritis Pharmacological Treatment and the Latest Professional Societies\u2019 Guidelines Pharmaceuticals (Basel). Vol 14 (3): 205.<br><strong>41<\/strong>\u00a0Trigkilidas, D., et al. (2013) The effectiveness of hyaluronic acid intra-articular injections in managing osteoarthritic knee pain Ann R Coll Surg Engl. Vol 95: 545\u2013551.<br><strong>42\u00a0<\/strong>Dantas, LO., et al.(2021) Knee osteoarthritis: key treatments and implications for physical therapy. Braz J Phys Ther. Vol 25(2):135-146. DOI: 10.1016\/j.bjpt.2020.08.004. Epub 2020 Sep 8.<br><strong>43<\/strong>\u00a0Murray CJ, Vos T, Lozano R, et al. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990\u20132010: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2010, Lancet, 2012, vol. 380 (pg. 2197-223).<br><strong>44<\/strong>\u00a0Vos T, Flaxman AD, Naghavi M, et al. Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990\u20132010: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2010, Lancet, 2012, vol. 380 (pg. 2163-96).<br><strong>45<\/strong>\u00a0Versus Arthritis: 2023 State of MSK Health Report. https:\/\/www.versusarthritis.org\/media\/duybjusg\/versus-arthritis-state-msk-musculoskeletal-health-2023pdf.pdf<br><strong>46<\/strong>\u00a0https:\/\/www.versusarthritis.org\/media\/13374\/birmingham-oa-1.pdf<br><strong>47<\/strong>\u00a0Cieza A, Causey K, Kamenow K, Wulf Hansen S, Chatterji S, Vos T. Global estimates of the need for rehabilitation based on the Global Burden of Disease study 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2020 Dec 19; 396(10267): 2006\u20132017.<br><strong>48<\/strong>\u00a0Smith, D.M. (2011) \u2018The Normal Synovium\u2019, The Open Rheumatology Journal, 5(1), pp. 100\u2013106. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1874312901105010100.<br><strong>49<\/strong>\u00a0Meachim, G., Brooke G. (1983). The synovial response to intra-articular Co-Cr-Mo particles in guinea pigs. Biomaterials 4(3):153-9.<br><strong>50<\/strong>\u00a0Meachim, G., Brooke G. (1984). The synovial response to intra-articular acrylic cement particles in guinea pigs. Biomaterials 5(2):69-74.<br><strong>51<\/strong>\u00a0Emmi A, Stocco E, Boscolo-Berto R, Contran M, Belluzzi E, Favero M, Ramonda R, Porzionato A, Ruggieri P, De Caro R, Macchi V. Infrapatellar Fat Pad-Synovial Membrane Anatomo-Fuctional Unit: Microscopic Basis for Piezo1\/2 Mechanosensors Involvement in Osteoarthritis Pain. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2022 Jun 28;10:886604. doi: 10.3389\/fcell.2022.886604. PMID: 35837327; PMCID: PMC9274201<br><strong>52<\/strong>\u00a0Rim Y.A., Ju J.H. (2020). The Role of Fibrosis in Osteoarthritis Progression. Life 11, 3. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3390\/life11010003<br><strong>53<\/strong>\u00a0Sanchez-Lopez E., Coras R., Torres A., Lane N.E., Guma M. (2022). Synovial inflammation in osteoarthritis progression. Nat Rev Rheumatol 18(5):258-275. doi: 10.1038\/s41584-022-00749-9.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>References Efficacy, safety of Arthrosamid 1\u00a0Henriksen, M., et al. (2018). Intra-articular 2.5% polyacrylamide hydrogel for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: an observational proof-of-concept cohort study. Clin Exp Rheumatol. Vol 36(6):1082-85. Epub 2018 Jul 18. PMID: 30148430.2\u00a0Overgaard, A., et al. (2019). Safety of intra-articular polyacrylamide hydrogel for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis symptoms: A retrospective case [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3152","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"References Efficacy, safety of Arthrosamid 1 Henriksen, M., et al. 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Safety of intra-articular polyacrylamide hydrogel for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis symptoms: A retrospective case","twitter:image":"https:\/\/arthos-international.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/cropped-\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631-\u0645\u0641\u0631\u063a-01-scaled-1.png"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"3152","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":{"focus":{"keyphrase":"","score":0,"analysis":{"keyphraseInTitle":{"score":0,"maxScore":9,"error":1}}},"additional":[]},"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":"","og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"WebPage","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":"default","schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":"-1","robots_max_videopreview":"-1","robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":"default","local_seo":null,"breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"ai":{"faqs":[],"keyPoints":[],"schemas":[],"titles":[],"descriptions":[],"socialPosts":{"email":[],"linkedin":[],"twitter":[],"facebook":[],"instagram":[]}},"created":"2026-06-09 17:01:03","updated":"2026-06-09 17:27:26","seo_analyzer_scan_date":null,"focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null},"aioseo_breadcrumb":"<div class=\"aioseo-breadcrumbs\"><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/arthos-international.com\/ar\/\" title=\"Home\">Home<\/a>\n\t\t<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb-separator\">\u00bb<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t\t\tReferences\n\t\t<\/span><\/div>","aioseo_breadcrumb_json":[{"label":"Home","link":"https:\/\/arthos-international.com\/ar\/"},{"label":"References","link":"https:\/\/arthos-international.com\/ar\/references\/"}],"_hostinger_reach_plugin_has_subscription_block":false,"_hostinger_reach_plugin_is_elementor":false,"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"trp-custom-language-flag":false,"woocommerce_thumbnail":false,"woocommerce_single":false,"woocommerce_gallery_thumbnail":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"goldenhands7g7@gmail.com","author_link":"https:\/\/arthos-international.com\/ar\/author\/goldenhands7g7gmail-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"References Efficacy, safety of Arthrosamid 1\u00a0Henriksen, M., et al. (2018). Intra-articular 2.5% polyacrylamide hydrogel for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: an observational proof-of-concept cohort study. Clin Exp Rheumatol. Vol 36(6):1082-85. Epub 2018 Jul 18. PMID: 30148430.2\u00a0Overgaard, A., et al. (2019). 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