{"id":3152,"date":"2026-06-09T17:01:02","date_gmt":"2026-06-09T17:01:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arthos-international.com\/?page_id=3152"},"modified":"2026-06-09T17:01:03","modified_gmt":"2026-06-09T17:01:03","slug":"references","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/arthos-international.com\/en\/references\/","title":{"rendered":"References"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

References<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Efficacy, safety of Arthrosamid<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1<\/strong>\u00a0Henriksen, M., et al. (2018). Intra-articular 2.5% polyacrylamide hydrogel for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: an observational proof-of-concept cohort study. Clin Exp Rheumatol. Vol 36(6):1082-85. Epub 2018 Jul 18. PMID: 30148430.
2<\/strong>\u00a0Overgaard, A., et al. (2019). Safety of intra-articular polyacrylamide hydrogel for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis symptoms: A retrospective case series. Clin Ortho Adv Res. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. Vol 30(1): S370-71. DOI:10.1016\/j.joca.2022.02.497.
3 Bliddal, H.,\u202fet al. (2021)\u202fPolyacrylamide Hydrogel Injection for Knee Osteoarthritis: A 6 Months Prospective Study.\u202fJ Orthop Res Ther. Vol 6 (2). 1188. ISSN 2575-8241.
4<\/strong>\u00a0Arthrosamid\u00ae, Instructions For Use. Release Date March 2022. 10082-003.
5<\/strong>\u00a0Bliddal, H., et al. (2022). A Prospective Study of Polyacrylamide Hydrogel Injection for Knee Osteoarthritis: Results From 2 Years After Treatment. Poster presented at OARSI 2022. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. Vol 30(1): S371-S372. DOI:10.1016\/j.joca.2022.02.499.
6<\/strong>\u00a0Bliddal, H., et al. (2022). One-year performance of polyacrylamide hydrogel vs. hyaluronic acid in age, BMI, and Kellgren-Lawrence subgroups: A subgroup analysis of a randomised study. Poster presented at OARSI 2022. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. Vol 30(1): S373-74. DOI:10.1016\/j.joca.2022.02.502.
7<\/strong>\u00a0Bliddal, H., et al. (2023) A Prospective Study of Polyacrylamide Hydrogel Injection for Knee Osteoarthritis: Results From 3 Years After Treatment. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. Vol 31(5): 682-683.
8<\/strong>\u00a0Arthrosamid\u00ae, Instructions For Use. Release Date September 2024. 10124-001.
9<\/strong>\u00a0Bliddal, H., et al. (2024). Effectiveness and safety of polyacrylamide hydrogel injection for knee osteoarthritis: results from a 12-month follow up of an open-label study. J Orthop Surg Res. Vol 19: 274.
10<\/strong>\u00a0Bliddal, H., et al. (2024). Polyacrylamide gel versus hyaluronic acid for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a randomised controlled study. Clin Exp Rheumatol. Vol 42(9):1729-1735.
11<\/strong>\u00a0Bliddal, H., et al. (2024) 3 year follow-up from a randomized controlled trial of intra-articular polyacrylamide hydrogel injection in subjects with knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. Vol 32 (6): 770-771.
12<\/strong>\u00a0Bliddal, H., et al. (2024) Polyacrylamide hydrogel for knee osteoarthritis: Four-year results from a prospective study. Orthop Procs. 2024;106-B(SUPP_18):106.
13<\/strong>\u00a0Ellegaard., et al. (2024) Inflammatory markers in the knee in patients with osteoarthritis assessed with ultrasound: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial of Arthrosamid vs. Synvisc-One. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. Vol 32 (2024) 745\u2013836.
14<\/strong>\u00a0Bliddal, H., et al. (2025) 5 year follow-up from a randomized controlled trial of intra-articular polyacrylamide hydrogel injection in subjects with knee osteoarthritis. Presented as a podium presentation at the EKS 2025, Copenhagen in September.
15<\/strong>\u00a0Bliddal, H., et al. (2025) A Prospective Study of Polyacrylamide Hydrogel Injection for Knee Osteoarthritis: Results From 5 Years After Treatment. Presented at WCO-IOF-ESCEO 2025.
16<\/strong>\u00a0Bliddal, H., et al. (2025) 10-Year Follow-Up After Intra-Articular Injections of 2.5% Polyacrylamide Hydrogel for Knee Osteoarthritis. Presented at WCO-IOF-ESCEO 2025.
17<\/strong>\u00a0Bliddal, H., et al. Presented at the ISIAT 2025 conference in September.
18<\/strong>\u00a0Arthrosamid, Instructions For Use. Release Date October 2025. 10117-001.
Mechanisms of Action
19<\/strong>\u00a0Tnibar, A., Persson, A., Jensen, H.E., Svalastoga, E., Westrup, U., McEvoy, F. et al. (2014) Evaluation of a polyacrylamide hydrogel in the treatment of induced osteoarthritis in a goat model: a pilot randomized controlled study [abstract]. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 22, 477.
20<\/strong>\u00a0Christensen L, Camitz L, Illigen KE, Hansen M, Sarvaa R, Conaghan PG (2016).
Synovial incorporation of polyacrylamide hydrogel after injection into normal and osteoarthritic animal joints. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. Vol 24(11):1999-2002.
DOI:10.1016\/j.joca.2016.07.007.
21<\/strong>\u00a0Tnibar A, Persson A, Jensen HA. (2017) Mechanisms of action of an intraarticular 2.5% polyacrylamide hydrogel (Arthramid Vet) in a goat model of osteoarthritis: preliminary
22<\/strong>\u00a0Tnibar A. (2022) Intra-articular 2.5% polyacrylamide hydrogel, a new concept in the medication of equine osteoarthritis: a review. J Equine Vet Sci. 119:1014143.
23<\/strong>\u00a0Tnibar A. (2025) Review of intra-articular 2.5% polyacrylamide hydrogel, a new concept in the management of osteoarthritis. Equine Vet Educ. 37:161-168.
24<\/strong>\u00a0Wimmer, M.A. and Abu Alia M. (2025) Shear stiffness of equine synovial membrane in osteoarthritis and response to 2.5% Injectable polyacrylamide hydrogel treatment. 18th ICRS World Congress, Boston, 11-14 October. Osteoarthritis & Synovitis
25<\/strong>\u00a0Neogi, T. (2013) The epidemiology and impact of pain in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. Vol 21 (9): 1145-53. DOI:10.1016\/j.joca.2013.03.018.
26<\/strong>\u00a0Thomson, A., et al. (2021). Synovial Macrophages in Osteoarthritis: The Key to Understanding Pathogenesis? Front. Immunol. Vol 12 :678757. DOI:10.3389\/fimmu.2021.678757.
27<\/strong>\u00a0Torres, L., et al. (2006). The relationship between specific tissue lesions and pain severity in persons with knee osteoarthritis.\u201d Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. Vol 14(10): 1033-40. DOI: 10.1016\/j.joca.2006.03.015.
28<\/strong>\u00a0Sofat, N., et al. (2011). What makes osteoarthritis painful? The evidence for local and central pain processing. Rheumatology (Oxford, England). Vol 50(12):2157-65. DOI:10.1093\/rheumatology\/ker283.
29<\/strong>\u00a0Atukorala, I., et al. (2016). Synovitis in knee osteoarthritis: a precursor of disease? Annals of rheumatic diseases. Vol 75(2):390-5. DOI:10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-205894.
30<\/strong>\u00a0Mathiessen, A., et al. (2017). Synovitis in osteoarthritis: current understanding with therapeutic implications. Arthritis research & therapy. Vol 19(1):18. DOI:10.1186\/s13075-017-1229-9.
31<\/strong>\u00a0Wenham, C., et al. (2010). The role of synovitis in osteoarthritis. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. Vol 2(6):349-59. DOI:10.1177\/1759720X10378373.
33<\/strong>\u00a0Han, D., et al. (2020) The emerging role of fibroblast-like synoviocytes-mediated synovitis in osteoarthritis: An update. J Cell Mol Med. Vol 24:9518-32. DOI:10.1111\/jcmm.15669.
34<\/strong>\u00a0Negredo, E., et al. (2015). Ten Year Safety with Polyacrylamide Gel Used to Correct Facial Lipoatrophy in HIV-Infected Patients. Aids Res Hum Retroviruses. Vol 31(8).
35<\/strong>\u00a0Oo, WM., et al. (2021). The Development of Disease-Modifying Therapies for Osteoarthritis (DMOADs): The Evidence to Date. Drug Des Devel Ther. Vol 15: 2921-45. DOI:10.2147\/DDDT.S295224.
36<\/strong>\u00a0Uivaraseanu B, et al. (2022) Therapeutic approaches in the management of knee osteoarthritis (Review). Exp Ther Med. Vol 23(5):328. DOI: 10.3892\/etm.2022.11257.
37<\/strong>\u00a0Gr\u00e4ssel, S., et al. (2020). Recent advances in the treatment of osteoarthritis. F1000Res. Vol 9:F1000 Faculty Rev-325. DOI: 10.12688\/f1000research.22115.1.
38<\/strong>\u00a0Hunter, DJ., et al. (2019). Osteoarthritis. Lancet. Vol393 (10182):1745-175.
39<\/strong>\u00a0Cui, A., et al. (2020). Global, regional prevalence, incidence and risk factors of knee osteoarthritis in population-based studies. EClinicalMedicine. Vol 26: 29-30:100587.
40<\/strong>\u00a0Primorac, D., et al. (2021) Comprehensive Review of Knee Osteoarthritis Pharmacological Treatment and the Latest Professional Societies\u2019 Guidelines Pharmaceuticals (Basel). Vol 14 (3): 205.
41<\/strong>\u00a0Trigkilidas, D., et al. (2013) The effectiveness of hyaluronic acid intra-articular injections in managing osteoarthritic knee pain Ann R Coll Surg Engl. Vol 95: 545\u2013551.
42\u00a0<\/strong>Dantas, LO., et al.(2021) Knee osteoarthritis: key treatments and implications for physical therapy. Braz J Phys Ther. Vol 25(2):135-146. DOI: 10.1016\/j.bjpt.2020.08.004. Epub 2020 Sep 8.
43<\/strong>\u00a0Murray CJ, Vos T, Lozano R, et al. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990\u20132010: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2010, Lancet, 2012, vol. 380 (pg. 2197-223).
44<\/strong>\u00a0Vos T, Flaxman AD, Naghavi M, et al. Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990\u20132010: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2010, Lancet, 2012, vol. 380 (pg. 2163-96).
45<\/strong>\u00a0Versus Arthritis: 2023 State of MSK Health Report. https:\/\/www.versusarthritis.org\/media\/duybjusg\/versus-arthritis-state-msk-musculoskeletal-health-2023pdf.pdf
46<\/strong>\u00a0https:\/\/www.versusarthritis.org\/media\/13374\/birmingham-oa-1.pdf
47<\/strong>\u00a0Cieza A, Causey K, Kamenow K, Wulf Hansen S, Chatterji S, Vos T. Global estimates of the need for rehabilitation based on the Global Burden of Disease study 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2020 Dec 19; 396(10267): 2006\u20132017.
48<\/strong>\u00a0Smith, D.M. (2011) \u2018The Normal Synovium\u2019, The Open Rheumatology Journal, 5(1), pp. 100\u2013106. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1874312901105010100.
49<\/strong>\u00a0Meachim, G., Brooke G. (1983). The synovial response to intra-articular Co-Cr-Mo particles in guinea pigs. Biomaterials 4(3):153-9.
50<\/strong>\u00a0Meachim, G., Brooke G. (1984). The synovial response to intra-articular acrylic cement particles in guinea pigs. Biomaterials 5(2):69-74.
51<\/strong>\u00a0Emmi A, Stocco E, Boscolo-Berto R, Contran M, Belluzzi E, Favero M, Ramonda R, Porzionato A, Ruggieri P, De Caro R, Macchi V. Infrapatellar Fat Pad-Synovial Membrane Anatomo-Fuctional Unit: Microscopic Basis for Piezo1\/2 Mechanosensors Involvement in Osteoarthritis Pain. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2022 Jun 28;10:886604. doi: 10.3389\/fcell.2022.886604. PMID: 35837327; PMCID: PMC9274201
52<\/strong>\u00a0Rim Y.A., Ju J.H. (2020). The Role of Fibrosis in Osteoarthritis Progression. Life 11, 3. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3390\/life11010003
53<\/strong>\u00a0Sanchez-Lopez E., Coras R., Torres A., Lane N.E., Guma M. (2022). Synovial inflammation in osteoarthritis progression. Nat Rev Rheumatol 18(5):258-275. doi: 10.1038\/s41584-022-00749-9.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

References Efficacy, safety of Arthrosamid 1\u00a0Henriksen, M., et al. (2018). Intra-articular 2.5% polyacrylamide hydrogel for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: an observational proof-of-concept cohort study. Clin Exp Rheumatol. Vol 36(6):1082-85. Epub 2018 Jul 18. PMID: 30148430.2\u00a0Overgaard, A., et al. (2019). Safety of intra-articular polyacrylamide hydrogel for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis symptoms: A retrospective case […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3152","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_hostinger_reach_plugin_has_subscription_block":false,"_hostinger_reach_plugin_is_elementor":false,"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"trp-custom-language-flag":false,"woocommerce_thumbnail":false,"woocommerce_single":false,"woocommerce_gallery_thumbnail":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"goldenhands7g7@gmail.com","author_link":"https:\/\/arthos-international.com\/en\/author\/goldenhands7g7gmail-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"References Efficacy, safety of Arthrosamid 1\u00a0Henriksen, M., et al. (2018). Intra-articular 2.5% polyacrylamide hydrogel for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: an observational proof-of-concept cohort study. Clin Exp Rheumatol. Vol 36(6):1082-85. Epub 2018 Jul 18. PMID: 30148430.2\u00a0Overgaard, A., et al. (2019). Safety of intra-articular polyacrylamide hydrogel for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis symptoms: A retrospective case…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/arthos-international.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3152","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/arthos-international.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/arthos-international.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arthos-international.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arthos-international.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3152"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/arthos-international.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3152\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3155,"href":"https:\/\/arthos-international.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3152\/revisions\/3155"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/arthos-international.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3152"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}